Database Monitoring & Performance

CloudWatch Metrics

CPU Utilization

Database instance CPU usage percentage

Database Connections

Active database connection count

Read/Write IOPS

Input/output operations per second

Free Storage Space

Available storage capacity

Performance Insights

Database Load

Average active sessions over time

Top SQL Statements

Most resource-intensive queries

Wait Events

Database bottleneck identification

Database Dimensions

User, host, and application analysis

Enhanced Monitoring

OS Metrics

Real-time operating system metrics

• CPU utilization by core
• Memory usage breakdown
• Disk I/O statistics

Process Monitoring

Database process information

• Process list and status
• Resource consumption
• Thread activity

File System

Storage and file system metrics

• Disk space utilization
• File system performance
• I/O queue depth

CloudWatch Alarms

High CPU Usage

Alert when CPU > 80% for 5 minutes

Low Free Storage

Alert when storage < 10% free

Connection Threshold

Alert on connection limit approach

Performance Tuning

Query Optimization

Identify and optimize slow queries

Index Management

Create and maintain proper indexes

Parameter Tuning

Optimize database parameters

Read Replicas

Scale read workloads horizontally

Monitoring Best Practices

Enable Performance Insights

7-day free retention

Set Up Alarms

Proactive monitoring

Monitor Trends

Historical analysis

Regular Reviews

Performance optimization

Monitoring Exam Tips

• Performance Insights provides database load and top SQL analysis
• Enhanced Monitoring offers OS-level metrics with 1-60 second granularity
• CloudWatch provides basic database metrics with 5-minute intervals
• Set up alarms for CPU, storage, connections, and IOPS thresholds
• Use read replicas to scale read-heavy workloads and reduce primary load

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