🏗️ Architecture Overview
🌍 1. Entry & Distribution Layer
Route 53 provides DNS resolution with:
- Health checks and automatic failover
- Latency-based routing for optimal performance
- Geo-location routing for compliance
CloudFront CDN accelerates content delivery:
- 225+ edge locations globally
- DDoS protection via AWS Shield
- SSL/TLS encryption at the edge
🔒 2. Security & Access Control
IAM manages all access permissions:
- Role-based access control (RBAC)
- Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
- Service-to-service authentication
Secrets Manager secures sensitive data:
- Automatic credential rotation
- Encryption at rest and in transit
- Integration with RDS and Aurora
🌐 3. Network Layer (VPC)
Private network infrastructure with:
- Public subnets for ALB (10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24)
- Private subnets for EC2 (10.0.10.0/24, 10.0.11.0/24)
- Database subnets (10.0.20.0/24, 10.0.21.0/24)
- NAT Gateways for outbound traffic
- VPC Flow Logs for network monitoring
⚖️ 4. Load Balancing
Application Load Balancer features:
- Layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS) routing
- Path-based and host-based routing
- SSL/TLS termination
- Health checks every 30 seconds
- Cross-zone load balancing
🔄 5. Auto Scaling & Compute
Auto Scaling Group configuration:
- Min: 2, Max: 10, Desired: 3 instances
- Target tracking based on CPU (70%)
- Scale-out: Add 2 instances when CPU > 70%
- Scale-in: Remove 1 instance when CPU < 40%
EC2 Instances specifications:
- Instance type: t3.large (2 vCPU, 8GB RAM)
- EBS volumes: gp3, 100GB, encrypted
- Automated patching via Systems Manager
- CloudWatch agent for detailed metrics
💾 6. Data Layer
Aurora PostgreSQL database:
- 1 writer + 2 reader instances
- Automatic failover in < 30 seconds
- Continuous backup to S3
- Point-in-time recovery up to 35 days
ElastiCache Redis cluster:
- Multi-AZ with automatic failover
- Session storage and application caching
- Sub-millisecond latency
- Encryption in-transit and at-rest
S3 Bucket configuration:
- Versioning enabled for data protection
- Server-side encryption (SSE-S3)
- Lifecycle policies for cost optimization
- CloudFront integration for CDN
🛠️ 7. Operations & Management
Systems Manager capabilities:
- Session Manager for secure SSH access
- Patch Manager for automated updates
- Parameter Store for configuration
- Automation runbooks for common tasks
CloudWatch monitoring:
- Custom dashboards for real-time metrics
- Log aggregation from all services
- Alarms for critical thresholds
- SNS integration for notifications
🎯 8. High Availability Strategy
- Multi-AZ deployment across 2+ zones
- Automatic failover for all data stores
- Health checks at every layer
- Auto-scaling based on demand
- Regular disaster recovery testing
- RTO: < 5 minutes, RPO: < 1 minute
💰 9. Cost Optimization
- Reserved Instances for predictable workloads
- Auto Scaling to match demand
- S3 Intelligent-Tiering for storage
- CloudFront to reduce data transfer costs
- Cost allocation tags for tracking